Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar was born on April 24, 1973 in Mumbai, India. He went to Shradashram Vidyamandir, a high school in Mumbai, where hebegan his cricketing career underhis coach Ramakant Achrekar. He attended the MRF Pace Foundation during his schooldaysto train as a fast bowler, but Australian fast bowler Dennis Lillee, who saw him training, was not much impressed and suggested that Tendulkar should focus on his batting instead. As a young boy, Tendulkar would practice for hours at the net, andwas driven hard by his coach Achrekar.
While at school, his extraordinarybatting skills got noticed by the sports circuit. People felt that theyoung boy would soon become one of the greats in cricket. In the 1988 season, he scored a century in every inning that he played. In one of the inter schoolmatches that year, he had an unbroken 664-run partnership with friend and team mate VinodKambli.
When he was 14, Indian batting legend Sunil Gavaskar a great Indian batsman of that time, gavehim a pair of his own light pads. This touching gesture greatly encouraged the budding cricketer, who 20 years later broke Gavaskar’s world record of34 Test centuries.
In 1988, when he was just under 16, he scored 100 not out in for Bombay against Gujrat. This was on his first-class debut. He then scored a century in his first appearance in the Deodhar and Duleep Trophy. Mumbai captain Dilip Vengsarkar picked him up after seeing him batting Kapil Dev in the nets. That season he was Bombay’s highest run-getter.In the Irani Trophy final, He made an unbeaten century. He scored a century in all three of his Irani Trophy, Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy debuts, and became the first player to do so. He was selected for the tour of Pakistan next year.
At the very young age of 16, Sachin played his first Test matchagainst Pakistan in Karachi in 1989. In this Test, he received several blows to his body at the hands of Waqar Younis, a pace bowler. He made just 15 runs. In the last test in Sialkot, he had a bloody nose from a bouncer, buthe went on playing. He scored better in the subsequent games, scoring 53 runs of 18 balls at Peshawar.
In the 1990 Test in England he scored a century at Old Trafford.The English were highly impressed by his disciplined display of immense maturity. He played many types of strokes. Hisoff-side shots from the back footgreatly impressed the English. Though short in height, he confidently faced short deliveries from the English pace bowlers. His great performance made himlook the embodiment of Gavaskar, India’s former famous opener.
During the 1991-1992 tour of Australia Tendulkar scored and unbeaten 148 in Sydney and another century on a bouncing pitch a Perth.
At the age of 19, Tendulkar was in England, playing for Yorkshire in 1992. He scored 1070 runs at an average of 45.25 while playingfor the English county as the firstoverseas player.
In the 2003 Cricket World Cup, he made 873 runs in 11 matches which enabled India reach the final. Although Australia won thetrophy Tendulkar was given the Man of the Tournament award.
Shortly after this Tendulkar developed a tennis elbow and hewas out of cricket for a while. But by 2005, he was back in form. He played well against Australia, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.
Tendulkar performed very well against Bangla Desh and he was adjudged the Man of the Series in the Future Cup against South Africa.
Today Tendulkar is a national icon to fans all over the world. He is the most worshipped cricketer in the world. Tendulkar has been granted the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Shri, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award, Padma Vibhushan by the Indian government.
Personal Life
In 1995, Sachin married Anjali, a doctor and the daughter of Gujarati industrialist Anand Mehta. They have two children, Sara and Arjun. Tendulkar now sponsors 200 underprivileged children every year through a Mumbai-based NGO.
Ernesto (Che) Guevara was born in Rosario in Argentine in 1928. After studying medicine at the University of Buenos Aires he worked as a doctor. While in Guatemala in 1954 he witnessed the socialist government of President Jacobo Arbenz overthrown by an American backed military coup. Disgusted by what he saw, Guevara decidedto join the Cuban revolutionary, Fidel Castro , in Mexico .
In 1956 Guevara, Castro and eighty other men and women arrived in Cuba in an attempt to overthrow the government of General Fulgencio Batista . This group became known as the July 26 Movement . The plan was to set up their base in the Sierra Maestra mountains. On the way to the mountains they were attacked by government troops. By the time they reached the Sierra Maestra there were only sixteen men left with twelve weapons between them. For the next few months Castro's guerrilla army raided isolated army garrisons and were gradually able to build-up their stock of weapons.
When the guerrillas took control of territory they redistributed theland amongst the peasants. In return, the peasants helped the guerrillas against Batista's soldiers. In some cases the peasants also joined Castro's army, as did students from the cities and occasionally Catholic priests.
In an effort to find out information about the rebels people were pulled in for questioning. Many innocent people were tortured. Suspects, including children, were publicly executed and then left hanging in the streets for several days as a warning to others who were considering joining the revolutionaries. The behaviour ofBatista's forces increased supportfor the guerrillas. In 1958 forty-five organizations signed an openletter supporting the July 26 Movement. National bodies representing lawyers, architects, dentists, accountants and social workers were amongst those who signed. Castro, who had originally relied on the support of the poor, was now gaining thebacking of the influential middle classes.
General Fulgencio Batista responded to this by sending more troops to the Sierra Maestra. He now had 10,000 men hunting for Castro and his 300-strong army. Although outnumbered, Castro's guerrillas were able to inflict defeat after defeat on the government's troops. In the summer of 1958 over a thousand of Batista's soldiers were killed or wounded and many more were captured. Unlike Batista's soldiers, Castro's troops had developed a reputation for behaving well towards prisoners. This encouraged Batista's troops to surrender to Castro when things went badly in battle. Complete military units began to join the guerrillas.
The United States supplied Batistawith planes, ships and tanks, but the advantage of using the latest technology such as napalm failedto win them victory against the guerrillas. In March 1958, President Dwight Eisenhower , disillusioned with Batista's performance, suggested he held elections. This he did, but the people showed their dissatisfaction with his government by refusing to vote. Over 75 per cent of the voters inthe capital Havana boycotted thepolls. In some areas, such as Santiago, it was as high as 98 percent.
Fidel Castro was now confident he could beat Batista in a head-on battle. Leaving the Sierra Maestra mountains, Castro's troops began to march on the main towns. After consultations with the United States government, Batistadecided to flee the country. Senior Generals left behind attempted to set up another military government. Castro's reaction was to call for a generalstrike. The workers came out on strike and the military were forced to accept the people's desire for change. Castro marched into Havana on January9,1959, and became Cuba's new leader.
In its first hundred days in office Castro's government passed several new laws. Rents were cut by up to 50 per cent for low wage earners; property owned by Fulgencio Batista and his ministers was confiscated; the telephone company was nationalized and the rates were reduced by 50 per cent; land wasredistributed amongst the peasants (including the land owned by the Castro family); separate facilities for blacks and whites (swimming pools, beaches,hotels, cemeteries etc.) were abolished.
In 1960 Guevara visited China and the Soviet Union . On his return he wrote two books Guerrilla Warfare and Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War . In these books he argued that it was possible to export Cuba's revolution to other South American countries. Guevara served as Minister for Industries (1961-65) but in April 1965 he resigned and become a guerrilla leader in Bolivia .
In 1967 David Morales recruited Félix Rodríguez to train and heada team that would attempt to catch Che Guevara . Guevara was attempting to persuade the tin-miners living in poverty to joinhis revolutionary army. When Guevara was captured, it was Rodriguez who interrogated him before he ordered his execution in October, 1967.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2,1869 in Porbandar, India. He became one of the most respected spiritual and political leaders of the 1900's. GandhiJi helped free the Indianpeople from British rule through nonviolent resistance, and is honored by Indians as the father of the Indian Nation.
The Indian people called Gandhiji 'Mahatma', meaning Great Soul. At the age of 13 Gandhi married Kasturba, a girl the same age. Their parents arranged the marriage. The Gandhis had four children. Gandhi studied law in London and returned to India in 1891 to practice. In 1893 he took on a one-year contract to do legal work in South Africa.
At the time the British controlled South Africa. When he attempted to claim his rights as a British subject he was abused, and soon saw thatall Indians suffered similar treatment. Gandhi stayed in South Africa for 21 years working to secure rights for Indian people.
He developed a method of action based upon the principles of courage, nonviolence and truth called Satyagraha. He believed that the way people behave is more important than what they achieve. Satyagraha promoted nonviolence and civil disobedience as the most appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals. In 1915 Gandhi returned to India. Within 15 years he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement.
Using the principles of Satyagraha he led the campaign for Indian independence from Britain. Gandhi was arrested many times by the British for his activities in South Africa and India. He believed it was honorable to go to jail for a just cause. Altogether he spent seven years in prison forhis political activities.
More than once Gandhi used fasting to impress upon others the need to be nonviolent. India was granted independence in 1947, and partitioned into India and Pakistan. Rioting between Hindus and Muslims followed. Gandhi had been an advocate for a united India where Hindus and Muslims lived together in peace.
On January 13, 1948, at the ageof 78, he began a fast with thepurpose of stopping the bloodshed. After 5 days the opposing leaders pledged to stop the fighting and Gandhi broke his fast. Twelve days later a Hindu fanatic, Nathuram Godse who opposedhis program of tolerance for all creeds and religion assassinated him.
The Nilgiri Tahrs are stocky goatswith short, coarse fur and a bristly mane. Males are larger than the females, and have a darker color when mature. Both sexes have curved horns, which are larger in the males, reaching up to 40 centimetres (16 in) for males and 30 centimetres (12 in) for females. Adult males weigh 80 to 100 kilograms (180 to 220 lb) and stand about 100 centimetres (39 in) tall at theshoulder. Adult males develop a light grey area on their backs and are thus called"saddlebacks"
These tahrs inhabit the open montane grassland habitat of the South Western Ghats montane rain forests ecoregion. At elevations from 1,200 to 2,600 metres (3,900 to 8,500 ft), the forests open into grasslands interspersed with pockets of stunted forests, known as sholas .These grassland habitats are surrounded by dense forests at the lower elevations. The Nilgiri Tahrs formerly ranged over thesegrasslands in large herds, but hunting and poaching in the nineteenth century reduced theirpopulation to as few as 100 animals by the early 20th century. Since that time their populations have increased somewhat, and presently number about 2000 individuals. Their range extends over 400 kilometres (250 mi) from north to south, and Eravikulam National Park is hometo the largest population. The other significant concentration is in the Nilgiri Hills , with smaller populations in the Anamalai Hills , Periyar National Park, Palni Hillsand other pockets in the Western Ghats south of Eravikulam, almost to India's southern tip.
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